Monitoring air quality is crucial for identifying risk sources. A study published in the scientific journal Atmospheric Enviroment by the Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA) of the UMH has analyzed particles present in the air of a central area of Elche, near traffic and with poor ventilation, to compare seasonal variations.
The research focused on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), analyzing PM10 fractions (particles up to 10 microns) and PM1 (particles up to 1 micron). According to Eduardo Yubero, a UMH researcher and study leader, PM1 particles are the most concerning due to their small size, as they can penetrate deep into the respiratory system and carry inflammatory compounds.
In addition to concentration, the oxidative potential of the particles, a key factor in determining their potential toxicity to health, was measured. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay revealed that the potential toxicity of the air in Elche doubles in winter compared to summer.
Marina Alfosea Simón, the study's first author, explains that the increase in oxidative potential in winter is related to traffic concentrated in narrow streets and agricultural burning in peripheral areas, which release active PM1 particles. Nuria Galindo, another UMH researcher, adds that 'non-exhaust' emissions, such as brake and tire wear, also contribute to the air's high oxidative capacity.
In winter, cold air layers trap pollutants near the ground, preventing vertical dispersion. Despite the increase in pollutants during the cold months, absolute levels remain within safe limits, ensuring the air is not dangerous for the general population.
This work is part of the CAMBIO project (ref. TED2021-131336B-I00), funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the State Research Agency (AEI), and the European Union. It also received support from the Generalitat Valenciana (project CIAICO/2021/280) and the TOXICAR project (ref. PID2023-149608OB-I00).
